Comparative Assessment of Amnioreduction Methods in Acute Polyhydramnios: The Effectiveness of Using a Universal Intrauterine Port

Summary. Despite recent advances in medicine, polyhydramnios occurs in 1–2% of pregnancies worldwide and is associated with a high risk of perinatal complications, accounting for 13–17% of perinatal mortality. In recent years, the rate of cesarean section among pregnant women with acute polyhydramnios has increased to 60–75%. Furthermore, *“...perinatal mortality in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios is reported to be 2.3 times higher” [1].
The purpose of the study. To assess the effectiveness of amnioreduction using a universal intrauterine port compared to the standard method in pregnant women with acute polyhydramnios.
Materials and Methods. An analysis was conducted on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in 55 patients divided into a main group (N=21) and a comparison group (N=34). The main group underwent prolonged amnioreduction using a universal port, while the comparison group received repeated standard amnioreductions.
Results. The study revealed significantly better outcomes in terms of pregnancy prolongation and perinatal results in the main group. Perinatal outcomes analysis showed the advantage of using a universal port for amnioreduction. In the main group, 61.9% of newborns had a birth weight ≥2500 g, and 57.1% had an Apgar score of 8–10; no perinatal losses were recorded. In the comparison group, only two newborns had a birth weight ≥2500 g or an Apgar score of 8–10; there were 2 antenatal and 3 early neonatal deaths. Based on the analysis, it was established that the group undergoing amnioreduction with a universal intrauterine port showed higher birth weight, normal fetal growth, higher Apgar scores, and no perinatal losses.
Conclusion. In the main group, the use of a universal intrauterine port for amniodrainage in severe polyhydramnios was associated with a reduction in perinatal morbidity and mortality compared to the standard amnioreduction method. The comparison group demonstrated lower birth weight, lower Apgar scores, and higher mortality rates. This confirms that amnioreduction using a universal port plays an important role in improving perinatal outcomes and is an effective method for treating polyhydramnios.

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