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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestomm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник охраны материнства и младенчества</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of maternal and child care</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-395X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ «НИИ ОММ» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69964/BMCC-2024-1-2-24-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestomm-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные аспекты родового травматизма (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Contemporary issues of the birth trauma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6037-176X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуплецова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shupletsova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шуплецова Юлия Сергеевна — к.м.н., врач акушер-гинеколог</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 1, г. Екатеринбург, 620028</p><p>Телефон: +7 (908) 923-55-77</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Shupletsova — Candidate of Medical Sciences, an obstetrician-gynecologist </p><p>st. Repina, 1, Ekaterinburg, 620028</p><p>Phone: +7 (908) 923-55-77</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pjuly@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-6296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальгина</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malgina</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мальгина Галина Борисовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Засл. Врач РФ, Ученый секретарь, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 1, г. Екатеринбург, 620028</p><p>Телефон: +7 (343) 371-08-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina B. Malgina — PhD, professor, doctor of medical sciences, scientific secretary, leading researcher</p><p>st. Repina, 1, Ekaterinburg, 620028</p><p>Phone: +7 (343) 371-08-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galinamalgina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Уральский научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и младенчества» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute of Maternity and Child Care” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шуплецова Ю.С., Мальгина Г.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шуплецова Ю.С., Мальгина Г.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shupletsova Y.S., Malgina G.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikomm.ru/jour/article/view/20">https://www.vestnikomm.ru/jour/article/view/20</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Родовая травма — это группа заболеваний, вызванных воздействием механического фактора во время родов. Родовая травма является междисциплинарной проблемой, затрагивая различные области медицины, такие как акушерство, педиатрия, детская неврология и другие науки. Родовой травматизм занимает важное место в структуре перинатальной заболеваемости и смертности. Родовые травмы новорожденных при влагалищных родах встречаются в 3,6% случаев, при операции кесарево сечение — в 1,2%. Однако в настоящее время, несмотря на всестороннее изучение проблемы, частота родовой травмы новорожденных остается высокой. Наравне с акушерской родовой травмой встречается и спонтанная — не связанная с проведением каких-либо акушерских пособий.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Обобщить и проанализировать имеющиеся данные о причинах развития родового травматизма новорожденных в зависимости от типа родовой травмы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В обзор включены опубликованные данные за последние 10 лет относительно изучения причин возникновения основных видов родовых травм новорожденных. Поиск литературы проводился в базах данных Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed и ELibrary.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проблема плодово-тазовой диспропорции в генезе развития факторов риска материнско-плодового травматизма остается актуальной. Макросомия плода является одним из наиболее значимых факторов родового травматизма. Наиболее распространенной травмой черепа у новорожденных является кефалогематома. Согласно механизму возникновения, родовая травма подразделяется на спонтанную — возникающую при физиологических родах — и акушерскую — связанную с какими-либо акушерскими пособиями. В основе патогенеза родовой травмы значительное место отводится степени конфигурации головки плода. Родовая травма рассматривается как системная реакция со стороны организма новорожденного, что приводит к срыву компенсаторноприспособительных механизмов и развитию критических повреждений ЦНС и дифференцируется от родового повреждения, которое включает лишь локальные изменения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для поиска профилактических мероприятий, направленных на предупреждение родового травматизма новорожденных, необходимо систематизировать группы причин, влияющих на повышенный риск родовой травмы. Своевременная оценка патологической конфигурации головки плода является крайне важной при решении вопроса о целесообразности применения акушерских пособий при влагалищных оперативных родах, поскольку является ранним предиктором формирования плодово-тазовой диспропорции — значимым фактором родового травматизма новорожденного. В последние годы, с учетом активного изучения молекулярно-генетических механизмов в генезе формирования различных патологических состояний, становится актуальным поиск различных генетических и эпигенетических факторов, оказывающих влияние на риск развития родовых травматических повреждений новорожденного на фоне индивидуальной восприимчивости к воздействию каких-либо физических факторов во время родов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Birth trauma is a group of diseases caused by mechanical factors during childbirth. Birth trauma is an interdisciplinary problem, affecting various fields of medicine, such as obstetrics, pediatrics, child neurology and other sciences. Birth trauma occupies an important place in the structure of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Birth injuries of newborns during vaginal birth occur in 3.6% of cases, during cesarean section — in 1.2%. However, at present, despite a comprehensive study of the problem, the incidence of birth trauma in newborns remains high. Along with obstetric birth trauma, spontaneous birth trauma also occurs — not associated with any obstetric care.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of review</title><p>Purpose of review. To summarize and analyze the available data on the causes of birth trauma in newborns depending on the type of birth injury.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The review includes published data over the past 10 years regarding the study of the causes of the main types of birth injuries in newborns. The literature search was conducted in Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ELibrary databases.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The problem of fetal-pelvic disproportion in the genesis of the development of risk factors for maternal-fetal trauma remains relevant. Fetal macrosomia is one of the most significant factors in birth trauma. The most common skull injury in newborns is cephalohematoma. According to the mechanism of occurrence, birth trauma is divided into spontaneous — occurring during physiological childbirth — and obstetric — associated with any obstetric benefits. The degree of configuration of the fetal head plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of birth trauma. Birth trauma is considered as a systemic reaction on the part of the newborn’s body, which leads to a breakdown of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms and the development of critical damage to the central nervous system and is differentiated from birth damage, which includes only local changes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. To search for preventive measures aimed at preventing birth injuries in newborns, it is necessary to systematize the groups of causes that influence the increased risk of birth injury. Timely assessment of the pathological configuration of the fetal head is extremely important when deciding on the advisability of using obstetric aids during vaginal operative delivery, since it is an early predictor of the formation of fetal-pelvic disproportion — a significant factor in birth trauma in the newborn. In recent years, taking into account the active study of molecular genetic mechanisms in the genesis of the formation of various pathological conditions, the search for various genetic and epigenetic factors that influence the risk of developing birth traumatic injuries in a newborn against the background of individual susceptibility to the effects of any physical factors during childbirth.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>родовая травма</kwd><kwd>кефалогематома</kwd><kwd>скелетная родовая травма</kwd><kwd>родовая травма черепа</kwd><kwd>патологическая конфигурация  головки</kwd><kwd>компрессионно-гипоксические повреждения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>birth trauma</kwd><kwd>cephalohematoma</kwd><kwd>neonatal birth fractures</kwd><kwd>birth injury</kwd><kwd>compression-hypoxic birth injuries</kwd><kwd>preterm brain injury</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luca A, Vinturache A, Ilea C, Avasiloaiei A, Paduraru L, Carauleanu A, Sripcariu I, Socolov D. 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