vestommВестник охраны материнства и младенчестваBulletin of maternal and child care3034-395XФГБУ «НИИ ОММ» Минздрава России10.69964/BMCC-2026-3-2-33-41vestomm-107Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПатогенетические аспекты снижения овариального резерва у женщин репродуктивного возраста (обзор литературы)Pathogenetic aspects of decreased ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age (literature review)https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0058-1820ЛихачеваН. Ю.LikhachevaN. Yu.

Лихачева Наталья Юрьевна — очный аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, заведующий отделением вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий

ул. Репина, д.1, г. Екатеринбург, 620028 

Natalia Yu. Likhacheva — full–time postgraduate student, junior Researcher, Head of the Department of Assisted Reproductive Technologies

st. Repina, 1, Ekaterinburg, 620028 

natalybragina91@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-0578МелкозероваО. А.MelkozerovaO. A.

Мелкозерова Оксана Александровна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе; проректор по научно-исследовательской и инновационной деятельности 

ул. Репина, д.1, г. Екатеринбург, 620028 

ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028

Тел.: +7 (343) 214-86-50, +7 (343) 214-86-67 

Oksana A. Melkozerova — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy of Director for Science; Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation

st. Repina, 1, Ekaterinburg, 620028 

Phone: +7 (343) 214-86-50, +7 (343) 214-86-67 

st. Repina, 3, Ekaterinburg, 620028

melkozerova_oa@usma.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-7981СеменовЮ. А.SemenovYu. A.

Семенов Юрий Алексеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, ректор

ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028

Телефон: + 7 (343) 214-86-52 

Yuri A. Semenov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Rector

st. Repina, 3, Ekaterinburg, 620028

Phone: + 7 (343) 214-86-52 

u-sirius@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Уральский научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и младенчества» Министерства Здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute of Maternity and Child Care” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Уральский научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и младенчества» Министерства Здравоохранения Российской Федерации ; Федеральное государственное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение высшего образования «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute of Maternity and Child Care” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation ; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение высшего образования «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202630072026323341Copyright © Лихачева Н.Ю., Мелкозерова О.А., Семенов Ю.А., 20262026Лихачева Н.Ю., Мелкозерова О.А., Семенов Ю.А.Likhacheva N.Y., Melkozerova O.A., Semenov Y.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnikomm.ru/jour/article/view/107

Введение. Распространенность сниженного овариального резерва (СОР) закономерно увеличивается с возрастом: до 10% у женщин моложе 35 лет и до 25–50% у женщин старше 40 лет страдают СОР. В структуре пациенток, обращающихся в клиники ВРТ доля женщин с СОР значительна и является одной из главных причин снижения эффективности ЭКО. Этиология сниженного овариального резерва (СОР) поликомпонентна, при этом патогенетические механизмы значительной части идиопатических и экзогенных триггеров на сегодняшний день остаются не до конца изученными.Цель. Проведение литературного обзора баз данных pubmed, crossref, medline, РИНЦ по теме причины и патогенез сниженного овариального резерва.Материалы и методы. Проведен литературный поиск глубиной 18 лет в системах литературных баз данных Pubmed, Crossref, Medline, РИНЦ, по ключевым словам: «бесплодие», «снижение овариального резерва», «репродуктивный возраст», «вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии», «патогенез снижения овариального резерва», «причины снижения овариального резерва», «факторы, влияющие на снижение овариального резерва». Результаты. Проанализировано и включено в исследование 44 источника. Данные литературы показывают, что существует многообразие причин снижения овариального резерва с различным патогенезом.Заключение. В работе описаны полиэтиологические причины и патогенетические механизмы снижения овариального резерва. Показано, что сложность и многокомпонентность патогенетических паттернов данного процесса определяют целесообразность его дальнейшего клинического и фундаментального изучения.

Introduction. The incidence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) increases with age: up to 10% in women under 35 and up to 25-50% in women over 40. Among patients seeking ART treatment, DOR is a significant proportion and is one of the main reasons for the decreased success of IVF. The etiology of DOR is multifactorial, and the pathogenetic mechanisms of a significant number of idiopathic and exogenous triggers remain poorly understood.Objective. To conduct a literature review of the PubMed, Crossref, Medline, and Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) databases on the causes and pathogenesis of decreased ovarian reserve.Materials and Methods. A literature search covering 18 years was conducted in the PubMed, Crossref, Medline, and RSCI databases using the keywords “infertility,” “decreased ovarian reserve,” “reproductive age,” “assisted reproductive technologies,” “pathogenesis of decreased ovarian reserve,” “causes of decreased ovarian reserve,” and “factors influencing decreased ovarian reserve.”Results. Forty-four sources were analyzed and included in the study. The literature data demonstrates a variety of causes for decreased ovarian reserve, each with a different pathogenesis.Conclusion. This study describes the multifactorial causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of decreased ovarian reserve. It is shown that the complexity and multicomponent nature of the pathogenetic patterns of this process determine the feasibility of further clinical and fundamental study

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.