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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestomm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник охраны материнства и младенчества</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of maternal and child care</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-395X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ «НИИ ОММ» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69964/BMCC-2026-3-1-78-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestomm-103</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ключевые аспекты течения неонатальной адаптации у недоношенных новорожденных гестационного возраста 32–36 недель 6 дней, кишечник которых колонизирован Klebsiella pneumoniae с генами uge, fim и kfu</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Key aspects of neonatal adaptation in preterm newborns of gestational age 32–36 weeks and 6 days, whose intestines are colonized by Klebsiella pneumoniae with uge, fim and kfu genes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-6754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маханёк</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mahanek</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маханёк Анна Алексеевна — врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии.</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 1, Екатеринбург, Свердловская обл., 620028</p><p>Рабочий телефон: +7 (343) 371-24-27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Mahanek — anesthesiologist-resuscitator at the intensive care unit, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Infant Health”.</p><p>Repina st., 1, Ekaterinburg, 620028</p><p>Phone: +7 (343) 371-24-27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makhanechek@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-6766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистякова</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistyakova</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чистякова Гузель Нуховна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, руководитель научного отдела микробиологии, иммунологии, патоморфологии и цитодиагностики.</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 1, Екатеринбург, 620028</p><p>Рабочий телефон: +7 (343) 371-24-27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guzel N. Chistyakova — doctor of medical sciences, professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of the Scientific Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathomorphology and Cytodiagnostics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Infant Health”.</p><p>Repina st., 1, Ekaterinburg, 620028</p><p>Phone: +7 (343) 371-24-27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chistyakovagn@niiomm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-7652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устюжанин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustyuzhanin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Устюжанин Александр Владимирович — исполняющий обязанности заведующего лабораторией иммунологии и клинической микробиологии, ведущий научный сотрудник, врач-бактериолог, врач клинической-лабораторной диагностики, кандидат медицинских наук.</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 1, Екатеринбург, 620028</p><p>Рабочий телефон: +7 (343) 371-24-27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksander V. Ustyuzhanin — acting chief Laboratory of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, leading researcher, bacteriologist, сandidate of medical sciences, doctor of clinical and laboratory diagnostics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Infant Health”.</p><p>Repina st., 1, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk region 620028</p><p>Phone: +7 (343) 371-24-27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ust103@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-4642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ремизова</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Remizova</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ремизова Ирина Ивановна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и клинической микробиологии.</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 1, Екатеринбург, 620028</p><p>Рабочий телефон: +7 (343) 371-24-27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Remizova– candidate of biological sciences, senior researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Infant Health”.</p><p>Repina st., 1, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk region 620028</p><p>Phone: +7 (343) 371-24-27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">RemizovaII@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Уральский научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и младенчества» Министерства Здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маханёк А.А., Чистякова Г.Н., Устюжанин А.В., Ремизова И.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маханёк А.А., Чистякова Г.Н., Устюжанин А.В., Ремизова И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mahanek A.A., Chistyakova G.N., Ustyuzhanin A.V., Remizova I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikomm.ru/jour/article/view/103">https://www.vestnikomm.ru/jour/article/view/103</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Современные молекулярно-генетические исследования опровергают прежнюю концепцию о стерильности внутриутробной среды: установлено, что желудочно-кишечный тракт плода уже содержит микроорганизмы, в том числе Klebsiella pneumoniae (КР), чья колонизация определяется комплексом перинатальных факторов (гестационный возраст, характер вскармливания, пребывание в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ), антибиотикотерапия). Исход колонизации кишечника недоношенных — от бессимптомного носительства до развёрнутой инфекции — определяется состоянием местной защиты слизистой, иммунологической реактивностью ребёнка и вирулентными свойствами Klebsiella pneumoniae. Наличие у КР генетически детерминированных факторов вирулентности (генов fim, kfu, uge) и их потенциальное влияние на течение неонатального периода обосновывают актуальность настоящего исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить ключевые аспекты течения неонатальной адаптации у недоношенных новорожденных гестационного возраста 32–36 недель 6 дней, кишечник которых колонизирован Klebsiella pneumoniae с генами uge, fim и kfu.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено обследование 30 новорожденных гестационного возраста 32-36 недель 6 дней, кишечник которых колонизирован Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). В зависимости от геноварианта штаммов дети были подразделены на три группы: 1-я группа — недоношенные, колонизированные KP геном uge (n=6), 2-я — uge+fim (n=16), 3-я - kfu+uge+fim (n=8). Проведена комплексная оценка клинических, лабораторных, инструментальных и микробиологических показателей у недоношенных детей. Детекция генов uge, fim и kfu проводилась методом полимеразной цепной реакцией (ПЦР) в режиме реального времени.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Показано, что антропометрические данные, оценка по шкале Апгар, во всех группах были сопоставимы. У недоношенных с генами kfu+uge+fim установлены наиболее низкие показатели гемоглобина (113,37±14,82 г/л) и гематокрита (33,73±4,56%) на 10–14-е сутки жизни (р&lt;0,001), максимальная продолжительность респираторной поддержки (2,06±1,24 дня; р=0,012) и антибактериальной терапии (19,0±5,60 суток; р=0,005), а также ухудшение состояния с переводом в ОРИТ в 37,5% случаев. У детей с генотипом uge+fim чаще регистрировались перинатальные инфекции (81,25%; р&lt;0,017) и сохранялась колонизация K. pneumoniae при выписке (100%; р=0,002).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Поскольку недоношенные дети, колонизированные K. pneumoniae с генотипами uge+fim и kfu+uge+fim, к моменту выписки остаются бактериовыделителями, на фоне иммунной незрелости сохраняется риск реализации клебсиеллёзной инфекции и обосновывает необходимость их диспансерного наблюдения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Modern molecular and genetic studies refute the previous concept of the sterility of the intrauterine environment: it has been established that the fetal gastrointestinal tract already contains microorganisms, including Klebsiella pneumonia (KP), whose colonization is determined by a complex of perinatal factors (gestational age, type of feeding, stay in the intensive care unit, and antibiotic therapy). The outcome of colonization of the intestines of premature infants — from asymptomatic carriage to full-blown infection — is determined by the state of local mucosal protection, the immunological reactivity of the child, and the virulent properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The presence of genetically determined virulence factors in KP (genes fim, kfu, uge) and their potential impact on the course of the neonatal period justify the relevance of this study.</p></sec><sec><title>Study Objective</title><p>Study Objective. To study the key aspects of neonatal adaptation in premature newborns of gestational age 32–36 weeks and 6 days, whose intestines are colonized by Klebsiella pneumoniae with uge, fim, and kfu genes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A survey was conducted on 30 newborns with a gestational age of 32–36 weeks and 6 days, whose intestines were colonized with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). Depending on the genovariant of the strains, the children were divided into three groups: Group 1 included premature infants colonized with KP uge (n=6), Group 2 included uge+fim (n=16), and Group 3 included kfu+uge+fim (n=8). A comprehensive assessment of clinical, laboratory, instrumental, and microbiological indicators was conducted in premature infants. Detection of uge, fim, and kfu genes was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The article presents data on the course of the neonatal period in 32–36 weeks 6 days of GA children with CR with a different set of genes. It was shown that anthropometric data, the Apgar score, in all groups were comparable. Premature infants with kfu+uge+fim genes had the lowest levels of hemoglobin (113.37±14.82 g/l) and hematocrit (33.73±4.56%) on the 10th–14th day of life (p&lt;0.001), the maximum duration of respiratory support (2.06±1.24 days; p=0.012) and antibacterial therapy (19.0±5.60 days; p=0.005), as well as deterioration with transfer to the ICU in 37.5% of cases. Children with the uge+fim genotype were more likely to have perinatal infections (81.25%; p&lt;0.017) and retained colonization with K. pneumoniae at discharge (100%; p=0.002).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Since premature infants colonized with K. pneumoniae with uge+fim and kfu+uge genotypes remain bacteriologically positive by the time of discharge, the risk of Klebsiella infection persists due to immune immaturity, necessitating their follow-up.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенность</kwd><kwd>гестационный возраст (ГВ)</kwd><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>период адаптации</kwd><kwd>гены факторов вирулентности</kwd><kwd>колонизация кишечника</kwd><kwd>клиническая характеристика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prematurity</kwd><kwd>gestational age (GA)</kwd><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>adaptation period</kwd><kwd>virulence factor genes</kwd><kwd>intestinal colonization</kwd><kwd>clinical characteristics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пахомовская Н.Л., Венедиктова М.М. 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