<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestomm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник охраны материнства и младенчества</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of maternal and child care</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-395X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ «НИИ ОММ» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69964/BMCC-2026-3-1-58-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestomm-101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности течения раннего неонатального периода у детей с тяжелой асфиксией при рождении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the Early Neonatal Period Course in Infants with Severe Birth Asphyxia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8452-0014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколова Анастасия Евгеньевна — врач неонатолог отделения новорождённых и недоношенных детей, очный аспирант.</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 1, Екатеринбург, 620028</p><p>Тел.: +7(996)593-59-24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia E. Sokolova — Neonatologist at the Department of Newborns and Premature Infants, Full-time Postgraduate Student at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Infant Protection” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Repina st., 1, Ekaterinburg, 620028</p><p>Tel.: +7(996)593-59-24</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Stasia-sok@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0389-6784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Светлана Юрьевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения физиологии и патологии новорождённых и детей раннего возраста.</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 1, Екатеринбург, 620028</p><p>Тел.: +7(912)667-48-76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Yu. Zakharova — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher at the Department of Physiology and Pathology of Newborns and Young Children, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Infant Protection” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Repina st., 1, Ekaterinburg, 620028</p><p>Tel.: +7(912)667-48-76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetazar2015@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-6742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кинжалова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kinzhalova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кинжалова Светлана Владимировна — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, руководитель научного отделения интенсивной терапии и реанимации.</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 1, Екатеринбург, 620028</p><p>Тел.: +7(912)277-01-10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Kinzhalova — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Scientific Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Infant Protection” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Repina st., 1, Ekaterinburg, 620028</p><p>Tel.: +7(912)277-01-10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sveking@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Уральский научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и младенчества» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Infant Protection” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соколова А.Е., Захарова С.Ю., Кинжалова С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколова А.Е., Захарова С.Ю., Кинжалова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolova A.E., Zakharova S.Y., Kinzhalova S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikomm.ru/jour/article/view/101">https://www.vestnikomm.ru/jour/article/view/101</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тяжёлая асфиксия при рождении, как одна из основных причин перинатальной заболеваемости и смертности, представляет серьёзную проблему в неонатологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: выявление особенностей течения раннего неонатального периода и его исхода у доношенных новорожденных с тяжелой асфиксией при рождении.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное одноцентровое исследование. Основную группу составили 30 новорожденных, перенесшие тяжелую асфиксию при рождении, контрольную группу для сравнения газов крови и кислотно-основного состояния составили 60 новорождённых без асфиксии. Статистическая обработка результатов проводилась с использованием пакетов прикладных программ «Microsoft Excel 2016». Рассчитаны: среднее значение (М), стандартное отклонение (SD), частоты (%), t-критерий Стьюдента. Критический уровень значимости при проверке статистических гипотез принимался равным 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Был проанализирован анамнез матерей, течение настоящей беременности, где выявлена преимущественно эндокринная патология, включая гестационный сахарный диабет в 95% случаев и ожирение различной степени тяжести. Родоразрешения в 53% случаев проводились оперативным путем. В 57% осложнились развитием дистресса плода. Состояние новорождённых при рождении отражало тяжёлую гипоксию: средние баллы по шкале Апгар составляли 2,43±0,77 в первую минуту, 4,76±1,22 — в пятую и 6,2±1,22 — в десятую. Респираторная поддержка потребовалась всем пациентам: в родильном зале — инвазивная искусственная вентиляция легких (ИВЛ) у 73%, постоянное положительное давление в дыхательных путях (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, СРАР) у 37%, с переходом в отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных (ОРИТН), где длительность вентиляции достигала 20 суток в тяжёлых случаях. Пассивная гипотермия начата у 70% новорожденных, а терапевтическая — у 33%, что согласуется с современными протоколами нейропротекции и подчёркивает необходимость раннего вмешательства для минимизации неврологических дефицитов. Нейросонография выявила ишемию мозга у 90% детей, с отёком головного мозга в 47% и перивентрикулярными поражениями в 60%, что иллюстрирует прямую связь асфиксии с церебральными осложнениями и полиорганной дисфункцией.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У подавляющего большинства новорожденных ранний неонатальный период завершился развитием ишемии головного мозга, преимущественно второй степени тяжести, при этом перивентрикулярное поражение мозга выявлялось в значительном числе случаев. Необходимо дальнейшее изучение и анализ новорожденных, перенесших тяжелую асфиксию при рождении для определения предикторов неблагоприятных неврологических исходов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Severe birth asphyxia, as one of the main causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, presents a serious problem in neonatology.</p></sec><sec><title>Study Objective</title><p>Study Objective: To identify the characteristics of the early neonatal period and its outcome in full-term newborns with severe birth asphyxia.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A prospective single-center study was conducted. The main group consisted of 30 newborns who experienced severe birth asphyxia, and the control group for comparison of blood gases and acid-base balance comprised 60 newborns without asphyxia. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the “Microsoft Excel 2016” application software package. The following were calculated: mean value (M), Standard deviation (SD), frequencies (%), and Student’s t-test. The critical significance level for testing statistical hypotheses was taken as 0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Maternal medical history and the course of the current pregnancy were analyzed. Predominantly endocrine pathology was identified, including gestational diabetes mellitus in 95% of cases and obesity of varying severity. Delivery was operative in 53% of cases. In 57% of cases, complications included the development of fetal distress. The condition of newborns at birth reflected severe hypoxia: average Apgar scores were 2.43±0.77 at one minute, 4.76±1.22 at five minutes, and 6.2±1.22 at ten minutes. Respiratory support was required for all patients: in the delivery room, invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) was used in 73%, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in 37%. This was followed by transfer to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), where ventilation duration reached 20 days in severe cases. Passive hypothermia was initiated in 70% of newborns, and therapeutic hypothermia in 33%, which aligns with current neuroprotection protocols and emphasizes the need for early intervention to minimize neurological deficits. Neurosonography revealed cerebral ischemia in 90% of infants, with cerebral edema in 47% and periventricular lesions in 60%, illustrating a direct link between asphyxia and cerebral complications and multi-organ dysfunction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In the vast majority of newborns, the early neonatal period concluded with the development of cerebral ischemia, predominantly of moderate severity (grade II), with periventricular brain injury detected in a significant number of cases. Further study and analysis of newborns who experienced severe birth asphyxia are necessary to identify predictors of adverse neurological outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжелая асфиксия</kwd><kwd>доношенные новорожденные</kwd><kwd>ранний неонатальный период</kwd><kwd>шкала Апгар</kwd><kwd>гипоксически-ишемическая энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>терапевтическая гипотермия</kwd><kwd>ишемия головного мозга</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe asphyxia</kwd><kwd>full-term newborns</kwd><kwd>early neonatal period</kwd><kwd>Apgar score</kwd><kwd>hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>therapeutic hypothermia</kwd><kwd>cerebral ischemia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Apio G, Mbalinda SN, Alunyo JP, Okibure A, Makoko BT, McVoy M, Ayebare E. Birth asphyxia outcomes and associated factors among newborns admitted to a tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: A prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025;25(1):487. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07603-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Apio G, Mbalinda SN, Alunyo JP, Okibure A, Makoko BT, McVoy M, Ayebare E. Birth asphyxia outcomes and associated factors among newborns admitted to a tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: A prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025;25(1):487. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07603-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alemayehu T, Fati NM, Adlo AM, Deksisa A, Chirnet AT, Wakwoya EB, Negussie YM. Determinants of Birth Asphyxia Among Newborns at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Central Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study. Biomed Res Int. 2025;2025:5402567. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/bmri/5402567</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alemayehu T, Fati NM, Adlo AM, Deksisa A, Chirnet AT, Wakwoya EB, Negussie YM. Determinants of Birth Asphyxia Among Newborns at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Central Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study. Biomed Res Int. 2025;2025:5402567. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/bmri/5402567</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панова М.С., Панченко А.С., Мудров В.А. Новые технологии в диагностике гипоксических состояний у доношенных новорожденных. Забайкальский медицинский вестник. 2023;(2):89-102. https://doi.org/10.52485/19986173_2023_2_89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panova M.S., Panchenko A.S., Mudrov V.A. New technologies for the diagnosis of hypoxic conditions in the term newborn. Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin. 2023;(2):89-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52485/19986173_2023_2_89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gizachew S, Wogie G, Getnet M, Lonsako AA. Magnitude of neonatal asphyxia and its predictors among newborns at public hospitals of Wolaita Zone in Southern Ethiopia, 2023. BMC Pediatr. 2024;24(1):142. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-04627-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gizachew S, Wogie G, Getnet M, Lonsako AA. Magnitude of neonatal asphyxia and its predictors among newborns at public hospitals of Wolaita Zone in Southern Ethiopia, 2023. BMC Pediatr. 2024;24(1):142. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-04627-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yehouala SG, Tesfahun E, Dejene TM, Gebreegziabher ZA. Time to recovery of asphyxiated neonates and its’ predictors among newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):2006. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19520-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yehouala SG, Tesfahun E, Dejene TM, Gebreegziabher ZA. Time to recovery of asphyxiated neonates and its’ predictors among newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):2006. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19520-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurinczuk JJ, White-Koning M, Badawi N. Epidemiology of neonatal encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Early Hum Dev. 2010 ;86(6):329-38. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.05.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurinczuk JJ, White-Koning M, Badawi N. Epidemiology of neonatal encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Early Hum Dev. 2010 ;86(6):329-38. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.05.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gedefaw GD, Abate AT, Worku DT, Ayenew ME, Daka DT. Length of hospital stay and its factor associated among neonates with perinatal asphyxia in the Northwest Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia 2023: a multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2025;15(2):e087995. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gedefaw GD, Abate AT, Worku DT, Ayenew ME, Daka DT. Length of hospital stay and its factor associated among neonates with perinatal asphyxia in the Northwest Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia 2023: a multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2025;15(2):e087995. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muralidharan O, Rehman S, Sihota D, Harrison L, Vaivada T, Bhutta ZA. Post-Asphyxial Aftercare and Management of Neonates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Evidence Synthesis. Neonatology. 2025;122(Suppl 1):84-105. Epub 2024. Erratum in: Neonatology. 2025;122(2):256. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000541862</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muralidharan O, Rehman S, Sihota D, Harrison L, Vaivada T, Bhutta ZA. Post-Asphyxial Aftercare and Management of Neonates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Evidence Synthesis. Neonatology. 2025;122(Suppl 1):84-105. Epub 2024. Erratum in: Neonatology. 2025;122(2):256. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000541862</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doğan Kocabıyık NN, Salihoğlu O. An Assessment of the Relationships Between Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Analysis, APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) Scores, and Neonatal Outcomes. Cureus. 2024;16(6):e62362. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.62362</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doğan Kocabıyık NN, Salihoğlu O. An Assessment of the Relationships Between Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Analysis, APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) Scores, and Neonatal Outcomes. Cureus. 2024;16(6):e62362. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.62362</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Use and abuse of the Apgar score. Committee on Fetus and Newborn, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Committee on Obstetric Practice, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Pediatrics. 1996;98(1):141-2. PMID: 8668389.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Use and abuse of the Apgar score. Committee on Fetus and Newborn, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Committee on Obstetric Practice, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Pediatrics. 1996;98(1):141-2. PMID: 8668389.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гипоксическая ишемическая энцефалопатия новорожденного вследствие асфиксии при родах. Клинические рекомендации. Балашова Е.Н., Буров А.А., Горев В.В., Горелик К.Д. и др., 2025; 6–28. [доступ от 17.11.2025]. Доступ по ссылке: http://neonatology.pro/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/draft_cr_hie_27122021.docx</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy of the newborn due to asphyxia during childbirth. Balashova E.N., Burov A.A., Gorev V.V., Gorelik K.D., and others, 2025; 6–28. http://neonatology.pro/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/draft_cr_hie_27122021.docx</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилова Н.А., Харламова Н.В., Андреев А.В., Межинский С.С., Панова И.А., Дудов П.Р. Частота асфиксий и объем оказания реанимационной помощи новорожденным в родильном зале. Неонатология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2020;8(2): 47-53. DOI: 10.33029/2308-2402-2020-8-2-47-53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilova N.А., Kharlamova N.V., Andreev A.V., Mezhinsky S.S., Panova I.A., Dudov P.R. Frequency of perinatal asphyxia and volume of provision of care to newborns in the delivery room. Neonatology: News, Opinions, Training. 2020; 8 (2): 47–53. DOI: 10.33029/2308-2402-2020-8-2-47-53 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
